What are PHP Constants

 PHP constants are name or identifier that can't be changed during the execution of the script except for magic constants, which are not really constants. PHP constants can be defined in 2 ways:

1. Using define() function
2. Using const keyword

Constants are similar to the variable except once they defined, they can never be undefined or changed. They remain constant across the entire program. PHP constants follow the same PHP variable rules. For example, it can be started with a letter or underscore only.

Conventionally, PHP constants should be defined in uppercase letters.

Note: Unlike variables, constants are automatically global throughout the script.

PHP constant: define()

Use the define() function to create a constant. It defines constant at run time. Let's see the syntax of define() function in PHP.

1. define(name, value, case-insensitive)  

1. name: It specifies the constant name.
2. value: It specifies the constant value.
3. case-insensitive: Specifies whether a constant is case-insensitive. Default value is false. It means it is case sensitive by default.

Let's see the example to define PHP constant using define().

File: constant1.php

1. <?php  
2. define("MESSAGE","Hello WsCube Tech PHP");  
3. echo MESSAGE;  
4. ?>  

Output:

Hello WsCube Tech PHP

Create a constant with case-insensitive name:

File: constant2.php

1. <?php    
2. define("MESSAGE","Hello WsCube Tech PHP",true);//not case sensitive    
3. echo MESSAGE, "</br>";    
4. echo message;    
5. ?>    

Output:

Hello WsCube Tech PHP
Hello WsCube Tech PHP

File: constant3.php

1. <?php  
2. define("MESSAGE","Hello WsCube Tech PHP",false);//case sensitive  
3. echo MESSAGE;  
4. echo message;  
5. ?>  

Output:

Hello WsCube Tech PHP
Notice: Use of undefined constant message - assumed 'message' 
in C:\wamp\www\vconstant3.php on line 4
message

PHP constant: const keyword

PHP introduced a keyword const to create a constant. The const keyword defines constants at compile time. It is a language construct, not a function. The constant defined using the const keyword is case-sensitive.

File: constant4.php

1. <?php  
2. const MESSAGE="Hello const by WsCube Tech PHP";  
3. echo MESSAGE;  
4. ?>  

Output:

Hello const by WsCube Tech PHP

Constant() function

There is another way to print the value of constants using constant() function instead of using the echo statement.

Syntax

The syntax for the following constant function:

1. constant (name)  

File: constant5.php

1. <?php      
2.     define("MSG", "JavaTpoint");  
3.     echo MSG, "</br>";  
4.     echo constant("MSG");  
5.     //both are similar  
6. ?>  

Output:

JavaTpoint
JavaTpoint

Constant vs Variables

Constant	Variables
Once the constant is defined, it can never be redefined.	A variable can be undefined as well as redefined easily.
A constant can only be defined using define() function. It cannot be defined by any simple assignment.	A variable can be defined by simple assignment (=) operator.
There is no need to use the dollar ($) sign before constant during the assignment.	To declare a variable, always use the dollar ($) sign before the variable.
Constants do not follow any variable scoping rules, and they can be defined and accessed anywhere.	Variables can be declared anywhere in the program, but they follow variable scoping rules.
Constants are the variables whose values can't be changed throughout the program.	The value of the variable can be changed.
By default, constants are global.	Variables can be local, global, or static.

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